Cause of cancer .

1. Genetic Mutations: Changes in the DNA sequence, known as mutations, can disrupt the normal cell cycle and lead to uncontrolled growth. These mutations can be inherited from parents or acquired over a person’s lifetime due to exposure to various factors.

2. Tobacco and Smoking: Tobacco smoke contains numerous carcinogens that can damage DNA and lead to mutations. Smoking is strongly linked to several types of cancer, including lung, throat, and mouth cancers.

3. UV Radiation: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can damage DNA in skin cells and increase the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma.

4. Unhealthy Diet: A diet high in processed foods, red and processed meats, sugary beverages, and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can contribute to obesity and inflammation, increasing the risk of certain cancers.

5. Lack of Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyles are associated with an increased risk of various cancers. Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces inflammation, which can lower cancer risk.

6. Alcohol Consumption: Heavy and regular alcohol consumption can damage cells and increase the risk of several types of cancer, including liver, breast, and esophageal cancer.

7. Exposure to Carcinogens: Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer. Occupational exposure to chemicals like asbestos, benzene, and formaldehyde, as well as environmental exposure to pollutants, can increase cancer risk.

8. Infections: Some infections are linked to an increased risk of cancer. For example, certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with cervical and other cancers. Hepatitis B and C infections can increase the risk of liver cancer.

9. Hormones: Hormones play a role in the development of certain cancers. Hormone replacement therapy, for example, has been associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers.

10. Age and Genetics: As people age, the risk of developing cancer increases. Additionally, some genetic mutations inherited from parents can predispose individuals to specific types of cancer.

11. Chronic Inflammation: Conditions that cause chronic inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, can increase the risk of developing cancer in affected tissues.

12. Radiation Exposure: Exposure to ionizing radiation from sources like medical imaging or nuclear accidents can damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer.